Chapter 41 History of Mankind at �eSpace�f Level Five hundred thousand years ago Primitive Men (Homo erectos), the ancestor of mankind as two-legs animals, were born of ape-men (Pithecanthropus) as four-leg animals. Two hundred ninety thousand years ago the number of Primitive Men (Homo erectos), the ancestor of mankind, was approximately a million, which was a turning point from the 19th generation to the 20th. It was the birth of a new species the Old Man (Neanderthal), evolved from the primitive men. There should be 219 = 524, 288 human ancestors when tracing back for 19 generations. There should be 220 = 1, 048, 576 human ancestors when tracing back for 20 generations. Ten thousand years ago, when a new species -New Men- appeared out of Old Men, the number of New Men was approximately five million, which was a turning point from the 22nd generation to the 23rd. There should be 221 = 2, 097, 152 human ancestors when tracing back for 21 generations. There should be 222 = 4, 194, 304 human ancestors when tracing back for 22 generations. There should be 223 = 8, 388, 608 human ancestors when tracing back for 23 generations. Ten thousand years ago New Men (Homo sapiens), the human root, switched their life from hunting to farming, as a result they exploded to about 87 million in 4,000 B.C., which was a turning point from the 26th generation to the 27th. There should be 226 = 67, 108, 864 human ancestors when tracing back for 26 generations. There should be 227 = 134, 217, 728 human ancestors when tracing back for 27 generations. It is the turning point between 28th and 29th generations because the number of mankind is 300 million in 0 A.D. There should be 228 = 268, 435, 456 human ancestors when tracing back for 28 generations. There should be ancestor of 229 = 536, 870, 912 human ancestors when tracing back for 29 generations. There was no turning point to change generations because the number of mankind in 1500 A.D. was 430 million. There should be 230 = 1, 073,741,824 human ancestors when tracing back for 30 generations. In the 19th century the number of mankind was over a billion, which was a turning point from the 29th generation to the 30th. There should be 231 = 2,147,483,648 human ancestors when tracing back for 31 generations. There should be 232 = 4,294,967,296 human ancestors when tracing back for 32 generations. There should be 233 = 8,589,934,592 human ancestors when tracing back for 33 generations. In the early 20th century the number of mankind, which reached a billion in the 19th, was 1.9 million to hit 6.1 billion in the late 20th century, so the 100 years of the 20th century was a turning point from the 30th generation to the 32nd. The number of mankind is estimated to be over 10 billions within the 21st century while it is over 6.5 billions at present (2006). There should be 233 = 8,589,934,592 human ancestors when tracing back for 33 generations. There should be 234 =17,179,869,184 human ancestors when tracing back for 34 generations. Therefore, We should be able to trace back our ancestors for 33 generations within the 21st century. Conversely speaking, The 21st century is the turning point whether the 33rd new mankind appears. Very important is the change of generations but the number of generations when considering the human history at the �espace�f level.

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